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GIFT  OF 


Civil  Eng.   kept 


Engineering 
Library 


PREFACE. 


\1 /HATEVER  of  value  may  be  found  in  the  hints  and 
*  *  directions  given  herein,  is  in  no  way  impaired 
because  we  suggest  the  use  of  BERRY  BROTHERS' 
FINISHES.  The  staining,  shellacing,  filling,  etc.,  as  the 
case  may  be,  are  the  necessary  preludes  to  a  success- 
ful finish,  whatever  varnishes  may  be  used  to  finish 
with,  and  the  mode  of  applying  and  manipulating 
all  interior  varnishes  is  substantially  the  same. 

The  scope  of  our  pamphlet  is  limited,  merely  aim- 
ing to  give  such  brief  but  practical  hints  on  the 
finishing  of  the  woods  most  commonly  used  for 
interiors,  as  may  sometimes  serve  to  refer  to  when 
writing  specifications.  Should  there  be  but  one  out 
of  a  class  that  has  shown  such  appreciative  recogni- 
tion of  the  merits  of  our  productions  who  is  benefited 
by  anything  we  may  have  written,  our  aim  will  have 
been  accomplished. 


Copyright  1894,  by 

BERRY  BROTHERS,  Limited. 


CIVIL   SNG.    DEPT 


B4 


To  finish 


Hard  Oil  Finish. 
Liquid  Granite, 
Elastic  Outside  Finish, 
Elastic  Interior  Finish, 
Shingletint, 
Remarks,     - 


1    i>    \.J  L-  /\  . 

Engineering 
Library 

I 

'AGE. 

Ash, 

10 

Birch,     - 

20 

Butternut, 

21 

Cherry, 

16 

Chestnut,    - 

10 

Cypress, 

25 

Gum  Wood, 

22 

Hemlock, 

28 

Mahogany, 

14 

Maple, 

19 

Oak, 

10 

Pine,      - 

26 

Poplar  or  Whitewood, 

28 

Prima  Vera, 

15 

Redwood, 

23 

Sycamore, 

17 

Walnut, 

21 

Whitewood  or  Poplar, 

28 

White  Mahogany, 

15 

Floors, 

29 

Outside  Doors,  Store  Fronts,  etc. 

30 

Window  Sash  and  Sills, 

31 

Bath  Rooms, 

31 

Inside  Blinds,    - 

31 

. 

4 

- 

6 

7 

-   ;           - 

8 

. 

9 

, 

32 

THE  MATERIALS. 


HARD   OIL   FINISH. 


T^HERE  is  but  little  doubt  that  to  this  useful  finishing 
material  the  general  adoption  of  natural  wood 
finishing  for  interiors  is  largely  due. 

Its  mission  is  to  develop  and  preserve  the  natural 
grain  of  the  wood,  and  impart  a  finish  at  once  artistic, 
elegant  and  permanent.  * 

HARD  OIL  FINISH  was  originated  by  us;  we  christ- 
ened it,  and  are,  and  always  have  been,  the  sole 
manufacturers  of  it. 

It  is  made  in  four  shades,  White,  Light,  Walnut 
and  Ebony,  and  there  is  no  limit  to  its  utility  for 
general  interior  finishing  purposes.  The  " White' 
can  be  used  on  such  light  woods  as  white  maple, 
white  holly,  or  any  of  the  delicate  tints  of  porcelain 
enamel,  without  darkening  them  ;  the  " Light"  is  suit- 
able for  such  woods  as  oak,  ash,  chestnut,  sycamore, 
etc.;  the  ''Walnut"  is  for  dark  woods,  while  the 
"Ebony"  is  intended  for  ebonized  work. 

We  desire  most  particularly  to  emphasize  the  fact 
that  there  is  no  job  of  interior  finishing  too  fine  to 
permit  of  the  use  of  HARD  OIL  FINISH.  It  is  equal  to 

4 


any  and  all  emergencies  ;  be  the  wood  what  it  may 
and  however  important  the  job,  HARD  OIL  FINISH  will 
produce  the  finest  results,  in  the  way  of  a  finish, 
attainable  on  wood. 

By  reason  of  the  numerous  imitations  of  HARD 
OIL  FINISH,  many  of  which  are  absolutely  worthless, 
and  all  of  which  differ  radically  from  the  genuine 
goods,  specifications  should  always  be  made  to  read 
''BERRY  BROTHERS'  HARD  OIL  FINISH." 

It  is  put  up  in  sealed  cans  only  up  to  5  gallons  ;  the 
illustration  given  below  being  a  reduced  fac  simile  of 
a  one  gallon  can. 


502187 


LIQUID   GRANITE. 

(TRADE  MARK) 


THE  practice  of  dispensing  with  carpets  and  finishing 
floors  in  natural  woods  has  become  so  popular 
that  an  imperative  demand  has  arisen  fora  "  Finish" 
possessing  greater  elasticity  and  wearing  properties 
than  any  ordinary  varnish. 

Liquid  Granite  is  devised  to  meet  this  want ;  it  is 
an  entirely  reliable  article  for  use  on  parquetry  and 
natural  wood  floors,  combining  as  it  does  the  three 
great  requisites  in  a  floor  finish,  elasticity,  toughness 
and  durability. 

Being  transparent  it  will  not  obscure  the  grain  of 
the  wood,  but  will  develop  its  beauty  and  preserve  it. 

It  will  be  found  superior  to  any  preparation  of  wax, 
being  easier  applied,  more  economical  to  use  and 
making  a  much  more  durable  finish. 

Liquid  Granite  is  so  tough  that  although  wood  fin- 
ished with  it  will  dent  under  a  blow,  the  finish  will 
give  with  it  without  cracking. 

There  are  in  the  market  a  large  number  of  articles 
called  floor  finish  ;  THERE  is  BUT  ONE  LIQUID  GRANITE, 
the  name  being  a  registered  trade  mark,  and  once  used 
it  will  be  used  always,  as  it  is  the  only  perfect  floor 
finish  made. 


ELASTIC   OUTSIDE   FINISH. 


"THIS  is  intended  for  store  fronts,  outside  doors,  and 
other  purposes,  where  the  exposure  is  excessive, 
and  will  be  found  superior  to  anything  of  the  kind 
hitherto  offered. 

It  is  made  with  special  reference  to  durability 
under  exposure  to  the  weather,  dries  dust  free  quickly, 
and  will  make  either  a  dead  or  brilliant  finish.  The 
official  reports  made  on  tests  by  the  Master  House 
Painters  and  Decorators  Association  of  the  United 
States  on  twenty-four  different  makes  of  outside  var- 
nishes, not  only  commended  our  ELASTIC  OUTSIDE 
FINISH,  but  showed  it  to  dry  dust  proof  quicker  than 
any  other  commended  outside  varnish  tested. 

The  value  of  this  feature  is  apparent. 


ELASTIC  INTERIOR  FINISH. 


'"THIS  is  intended  for  such  interior  work  as  is  sub- 
jected to  severe  exposure  or  usage.  It  has  many 
of  the  characteristics  of  Hard  Oil  Finish,  but  is  tougher 
and  somewhat  slower  drying.  It  possesses  great  elas- 
ticity, combined  with  unusual  durability,  and  will 
resist  the  action  of  hot  water,  soap,  etc.,  longer  than 
anything  else  we  know  of.  It  is  peculiarly  adapted 
for  use  on  window  sash  and  sills,  bath  rooms,  inside 
blinds,  etc.,  and  is  also  especially  suitable  for  such 
portions  of  the  interior  wood-work  as  are  to  be  left 
with  an  unrubbed  varnish  finish. 

We   confidently   offer    ELASTIC   INTERIOR   FINISH   as 
the  best  article  of  its  kind  yet  introduced. 


SHINGLETINT. 

Trade  Mark. 

OHINGLE  STAINS  need  no  introduction.  The  artistic 
^effects  produced  by  their  use  is  well  understood,  as 
well  as  their  preservative  properties,  when  they  are 
scientifically  made.. 

SHINGLETINT  represents  the  highest  results  yet  attain- 
ed in  the  manufacture  of  Shingle  Stains.  It  possesses 
great  penetrative  and  preservative  qualities  and  pro- 
longs the  life  of  the  shingles  by  retarding  decay,  at  the 
same  time  imparting  an  artistic  finish. 

We  can  supply  SHINGLETINT  in  the  following  colors, 
which  are  indicated  by  numbers  for  convenience  in 
ordering  :  No.  10  Buff,  No.  20  Dark  Red,  No.  30 
Light  Green,  No.  40  Brown,  No.  50  Red,  No.  60  Dark 
Green,  No.  70  Light  Gray,  No.  80  Black,  No.  90  Moss 
Green. 

SHINGLETINT  contains  nothing  of  a  poisonous  nature, 
and  will  not  spoil  roof  water  when  collected  into  a  cis- 
tern for  domestic  purposes.  It  is  customary  and  advis- 
able, however,  to  allow  the  first  few  rains  that  occur 
after  staining  the  shingles  to  run  to  waste  so  as  to 
wash  off  the  superfluous  pigment  which  might  other- 
wise impart  an  unpleasant  taste  to  the  water. 

In  SHINGLETINT  the  high  water  mark  of  quality  in 
Shingle  Stains  is  reached. 


OAK,  ASH,  CHESTNUT. 

'"THESE  are  x>pen  grained  woods  and  require  filling. 
SPECIFY  AS  FOLLOWS  : 

FOR  AN  EGG  SHELL  GLOSS  : — One  coat  of  filler  to  match 
the  color  of  the  wood,  followed  by  one  coat  of  White 
Shellac  sandpapered  to  a  smooth  surface,  and  two  or 
three  coats  of  Berry  Brothers'  (White  or  Light)  Hard 
Oil  Finish  ;  rub  first  coats  with  hair  cloth  or  curled 
hair,  and  the  last  coat  with  pulverized  pumice  stone 
and  raw  linseed  oil. 

FOR  A  DULL  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat  be 
rubbed  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and  water, 
instead  of  oil. 

FOR  A  POLISHED  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat 
be  rubbed  first  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and 
water,  and  then  with  pulverized  rotten  stone  and 
water,  and  for  a  piano  finish  specify  a  further  rubbing 
with  Berry  Brothers'  Furniture  Polish,  used  with  a 
little  pulverized  rotten  stone,  applied  with  a  piece  of 
soft  felt  or  flannel. 

If  a  rubbed  finish  is  not  desired,  omit  the  specifi- 
cations for  rubbing  the  last  coat. 

10 


NOTES. 

No  wood  is  more  susceptible  of  rich  and  varied  effects 
than  Oak,  and  no  other  wood  used  for  interior 
trim  has  ever  attained  such  a  steady  popularity. 

New  styles  of  finish  and  methods  of  treatment  are 
being  devised  continually  and  Oak  will  probably  retain 
its  supremacy  with  all  who  can  afford  to  use  it. 

Among  the  different  styles  of  Oak  finish  now  pre- 
vailing (February,  1901)  are  "Antique,"  "English," 
"Golden,"  "Bog,"  "Ox  Blood,"  "Forest  Green," 
"Malachite/'  etc. 

We  beg  to  suggest  here,  that  in  writing  specifica- 
tions for  oak  finishing,  the  safest  way  is  to  stipulate 
that  a  sample  be  finished  for  the  approval  of  the  owner 
and  thus  avoid  any  chance  of  controversy  or  dissatis- 
faction. 

Our  Stains  and  Fillers  are  always  reliable  and  may 
be  specified  with  absolute  confidence  at  all  times. 


ANTIQUE  OAK,    ENGLISH   OAK. 

'"THE  above  are  old  stand  by's,  but  the  terms  are 
*  ambiguous  now-a-days,  as  both  styles  of  finish  have 
considerable  latitude  as  to  color — particularly  the 
"Antique," — no  universal  standard  of  color  being 
recognized. 

n 


The  "  Antique  "  effect  is  produced  by  using  Antique 
Paste  Filler,  and  burnt  umber  is  sometimes  added  if 
darker  effects  are  wanted. 

The  "English"  Oak  is  much  deeper  in  tone  than 
the  "Antique,"  and  the  wood  is  first  stained,  and  then 
filled  with  a  dark  Paste  Filler. 


GOLDEN    OAK. 

IS  style  of  finish  embraces  a  wide  range  of  colors 
and  shades  in  yellows  and  browns,  having  no  fixed 
standard  but  differing  according  to  personal  taste. 

We  do  not  know  of  a  more  handsome  Golden  Oak 
than  that  produced  with  a  coat  of  our  Golden  Oak 
Paste  Filler  and  a  coat  of  our  Golden  Oak  Granitum, 
and  then  finishing  in  the  regular  way  as  per  our  speci- 
fications. 


FLEMISH    OAK. 

'"T'His  term  is  just  as  indefinite  as  Golden  Oak,  and  be- 
*  yond  the  fact  that  it  is  a  very  dark  and  sombre  finish 
there  is  no  unanimous  idea  among  Finishers  as  to  the 
exact  color,  which  varies  from  dead  black  through 
various  shades  or  sub  tints  of  gray,  brown  and  green, 
the  back  ground  in  all  cases  being  either  black  or  very 
dark. 

12 


The  proper  way  to  finish  is  with  a  coat  of  Stain,  a 
coat  of  Paste  Filler  of  the  desired  color,  and  a  coat  of 
White  Shellac  in  the  order  named,  and  then  proceed 
with  the  finishing  as  per  our  specifications. 


BOG   OAK. 

TTHis  is  practically  the  same  as  the  so-called  "Water 
*  Oak"  thatachieveda  brief  popularity  some  years  ago, 
but  which  is  now  seldom  heard  of.  It  might  even  be 
taken  for  one  of  the  many  shades'of  Flemish  Oak.  The 
mode  of  finishing  is  precisely  the  same  as  for  ' '  Flemish. " 


OX   BLOOD,    FOREST   GREEN, 
MALACHITE. 

*"FHE  above  styles  of  finish  have  more  or  less  following, 
*  although  it  is  unlikely  they  will  become  permanently 
popular. 

As  its  name  indicates,  "Ox  BLOOD"  is  a  bright  red, 
while  "FOREST  GREEN"  has  a  yellowish  cast,  and 
"MALACHITE"  a  bluish  cast  of  green. 

In  finishing  the  above,  the  wood  is  first  stained  and 
then  given  a  coat  of  Dark  Paste  Filler,  followed  by  a 
coat  of  White  Shellac,  after  which  the  finishing  is  pro- 
ceeded with  in  the  regular  way. 

13 


MAHOGANY. 

HTHis  belongs  to  the  open  grained  woods  and  re- 
*    quires  filling. 

SPECIFY  AS  FOLLOWS  : 

FOR  AN  EGG  SHELL  GLOSS  : — One  coat  of  filler  to  match 
the  color  of  the  wood,  followed  by  a  coat  of  Orange 
Shellac  sandpapered  to  a  smooth  surface,  and  two  or 
three  coats  of  Berry  Brothers'  (White  or  Light)  Hard 
Oil  Finish  ;  rub  first  coats  with  hair  cloth  or  curled 
hair,  and  the  last  coat  with  pulverized  pumice  stone 
and  raw  linseed  oil. 

FOR  A  DULL  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat  be 
rubbed  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and  water, 
instead  of  oil. 

FOR  A  POLISHED  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat 
be  rubbed  first  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and 
water,  and  then  with  pulverized  rotten  stone  and 
water,  and  for  a  piano  finish  specify  a  further  rubbing 
with  Berry  Brothers'  Furniture  Polish,  used  with  a 
little  pulverized  rotten  stone,  applied  with  a  piece  of 
soft  felt  or  flannel. 

If  a  rubbed  finish  is  not  desired,  omit  the  specifi- 
cations for  rubbing  the  last  coat. 


NOTES. 

F   it   is   required    to   deepen   the    natural   color    of 
Mahogany,  it  can  be  done  by  using  a  light  filler 


darkened  with  burnt  sienna  to  the  desired  tint. 

If  antique  or  dark  Mahogany  is  required,  precede 
the  filling  by  staining  the  wood  with  a  solution  of 
bi-chromate  of  potash  and  water,  or  a  coat  of  Berry 
Brothers'  Mahogany  Oil  Stain. 


PRIMA  VERA  OR  WHITE  MAHOGANY. 

'"THIS  wood  is  open  grained  and  must  be  filled. 
SPECIFY  AS  FOLLOWS : 

FOR  AN  EGG  SHELL  GLOSS  : — One  coat  of  filler  to  match 
the  color  of  the  wood,  followed  by  one  coat  of  White 
Shellac  sandpapered  to  a  smooth  surface  and  two  or 
three  coats  of  Berry  Brothers'  White  Hard  Oil  Finish  ; 
rub  first  coats  with  hair  cloth  or  curled  hair,  and  the 
last  coat  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and  raw  lin- 
seed oil. 

FOR  A  DULL  FINISH  :— Specify  that  the  last  coat  be 
rubbed  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and  water, 
instead  of  oil. 

FOR  A  POLISHED  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat 
be  rubbed  first  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and 
water,  and  then  with  pulverized  rotten  stone  and 
water,  and  for  a  piano  finish  specify  a  further  rubbing 

15 


with  Berry  Brothers'  Furniture  Polish,  used  with  a 
little  pulverized  rotten  stone,  applied  with  a  piece  of 
soft  felt  or  flannel. 

If  a  rubbed  finish  is  not  desired,  omit  the  specifi- 
cations for  rubbing  the  last  coat. 


CHERRY. 

'"THIS  is  a  close  grained  wood  and  requires  no  filling. 
SPECIFY  AS  FOLLOWS : 

FOR  AN  EGG  SHELL  GLOSS  : — One  coat  of  Orange 
Shellac  sandpapered  to  a  smooth  surface,  followed  by 
two  or  three  coats  of  Berry  Brothers'  (White  or  Light) 
Hard  Oil  Finish  ;  rub  first  coats  with  hair  cloth  or 
curled  hair,  and  the  last  coat  with  pulverized  pumice 
stone  and  raw  linseed  oil. 

FOR  A  DULL  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat  be 
rubbed  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and  water, 
instead  of  oil. 

FOR  A  POLISHED  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat 
be  rubbed  first  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and 
water,  and  then  with  pulverized  rotten  stone  and 
water,  and  for  a  piano  finish  specify  a  further  rubbing 
with  Berry  Brothers'  Furniture  Polish,  used  with  a 

16 


little  pulverized  rotten  stone,  applied  with  a  piece  of 
soft  felt  or  flannel. 

If  a  rubbed  finish  is  not  desired,  omit  the  specifi- 
cations for  rubbing  the  last  coat. 


NOTES. 

/t  LTHOUGH  Cherry  is  a  very  beautiful  wood  in  its 
•  natural  state,  some  tastes  may  prefer  a  deeper 
color,  which  necessitates  the  staining  of  the  wood  to 
the  desired  shade.  In  such  cases  precede  the  Shellac 
coat  with  a  coat  of  Berry  Brothers'  Oil  Stain,  Cherry 
or  Mahogany,  as  may  be  desired. 

If  the  wood  is  required  to  be  finished  up  as  light  as 
possible,  specify  White  Shellac  instead  of  Orange  Shel- 
lac and  omit  staining. 


SYCAMORE. 

*"FHIS  wood  is  usually  quarter  sawed  for  finishing 

purposes  ;  it  is  almost  invariably  finished  in  the 

natural  color,  and  being  close  grained,  needs  no  filler. 

SPECIFY  AS  FOLLOWS  : 

FOR  AN  EGG  SHELL  GLOSS: — One  coat  of  Shellac, 
(White  Shellac  if  the  natural  color  of  the  wood   is 

'7 


to  be  preserved,  or  Orange  Shellac  if  the  wood  is 
desired  to  be  a  little  darker  in  tone,)  sandpaper  to 
a  smooth  surface  and  follow  with  two  or  three  coats 
of  Berry  Brothers'  (White  or  Light)  Hard  Oil- Finish; 
(specify  White  Hard  Oil  Finish  if  the  natural  color 
of  the  wood  is  to  be  retained;)  rub  first  coats  with 
hair  cloth  or  curled  hair,  and  the  last  coat  with  pul- 
verized pumice  stone  and  raw  linseed  oil. 

FOR  A  DULL  FINISH  :— Specify  that  the  last  coat  be 
rubbed  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and  water, 
instead  of  oil. 

FOR  A  POLISHED  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat 
be  rubbed  first  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and 
water,  and  then  with  pulverized  rotten  stone  and 
water,  and  for  a  piano  finish  specify  a  further  rubbing 
with  Berry  Brothers'  Furniture  Polish,  used  with  a 
little  pulverized  rotten  stone,  applied  with  a  piece  of 
soft  felt  or  flannel. 

If  a  rubbed  finish  is  not  desired,  omit  the  specifi- 
cations for  rubbing  the  last  coat. 


MAPLE. 

HTHis  is  close  grained  and  does  not  require  filling. 
SPECIFY  AS  FOLLOWS : 

FOR  AN  EGG  SHELL  GLOSS  : — One  coat  of  W  hiteShellac 
sandpapered  to  a  smooth  surface,  followed  by  two  or 
three  coats  of  Berry  Brothers'  White  Hard  Oil  Finish ; 
rub  first  coats  with  hair  cloth  or  curled  hair,  and  the 
last  coat  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and  raw  lin- 
seed oil. 

FOR  A  DULL  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat  be 
rubbed  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and  water, 
instead  of  oil. 

FOR  A  POLISHED  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat 
be  rubbed  first  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and 
water,  and  then  with  pulverized  rotten  stone  arid 
water,  and  for  a  piano  finish  specify  a  further  rubbing 
with  Berry  Brothers'  Furniture  Polish,  used  with  a 
little  pulverized  rotten  stone,  applied  with  a  piece  of 
soft  felt  or  flannel. 

If  a  rubbed  finish  is  not  desired,  omit  the  specifi- 
cations for  rubbing  the  last  coat. 


NOTES. 

MAPLE  is  susceptible  of  very  rich  effects  in  Cherry 
and  Mahogany  by  staining.     If  stained,  specify 
Orange  Shellac,  and  precede  the  Shellac  coat  with  a 
coat  of  Berry  Brothers'  Oil  Stain,  Cherry  or  Mahogany 
as  may  be  desired. 


BIRCH. 

*~THIS  is  a  close  grained  wood  and  needs  no  filling. 
SPECIFY  AS  FOLLOWS  : 

FOR  AN  EGG  SHELL  GLOSS  : — One  coat  of  White  Shellac 
sandpapered  to  a  smooth  surface,  followed  by  two 
or  three  coats  of  Berry  Brothers'  (White  or  Light) 
Hard  Oil  Finish  ;  rub  first  coats  with  hair  cloth  or 
curled  hair,  and  the  last  coat  with  pulverized  pumice 
stone  and  raw  linseed  oil. 

FOR  A  DULL  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat  be 
rubbed  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and  water, 
instead  of  oil. 

FOR  A  POLISHED  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat 
be  rubbed  first  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and 
water,  and  then  with  pulverized  rotten  stone  and 
water,  and  for  a  piano  finish  specify  a  further  rubbing 
with  Berry  Brothers'  Furniture  Polish,  used  with  a 
little  pulverized  rotten  stone,  applied  with  a  piece  of 
soft  felt  or  flannel. 

If  a  rubbed  finish  is  not  desired,  omit  the  specifi- 
cations for  rubbing  the  last  coat. 


T 


NOTES. 

HE  above  specifications  provide  for  finishing  the 
wood  in  the  natural  color.     If  a  deeper  tone  is 


required    specify   Orange    Shellac    instead   of  White 
Shellac. 

Birch  also  takes  stain  very  nicely  if  the  right  kind 
is  used.  Cherry  and  Mahogany  look  particularly  well 
on  Birch.  If  stained  specify  Orange  Shellac,  and  pre- 
cede the  Shellac  coat  with  a  coat  of  Berry  Brothers' 
Oil  Stain,  Cherry,  Mahogany,  or  otherwise,  as  may  be 
desired. 


WALNUT,  BUTTERNUT. 

DOTH  of  the  above  are  open  grained  woods  and 
require  filling. 

SPECIFY  AS  FOLLOWS  : 

FOR  AN  EGG  SHELL  GLOSS  : — One  coat  of  filler  to  match 
the  color  of  the  wood,  followed  by  a  coat  of  Orange 
Shellac  sandpapered  to  a  smooth  surface,  and  two 
or  three  coats  of  Berry  Brothers'  (White  or  Light) 
Hard  Oil  Finish  ;  rub  first  coats  with  hair  cloth  or 
curled  hair,  and  the  last  coat  with  pulverized  pumice 
stone  and  raw  linseed  oil. 

FOR  A  DULL  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat  be 
rubbed  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and  water, 
instead  of  oil. 

FOR  A  POLISHED  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat 
be  rubbed  first  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and 

21 


Water,  and  then  with  pulverized  rotten  stone  and 
water,  and  for  a  piano  finish  specify  a  further  rubbing 
with  Berry  Brothers'  Furniture  Polish,  used  with  a 
little  pulverized  rotten  stone,  applied  with  a  piece  of 
soft  felt  or  flannel. 

If  a  rubbed  finish  is  not  desired,  omit  the  specifi- 
cations for  rubbing  the  last  coat. 


GUM  WOOD. 

T^HIS  is  close  grained  and  needs  no  filling. 
SPECIFY  AS  FOLLOWS  : 

FOR  AN  EGG  SHELL  GLOSS  : — One  coat  of  Orange 
Shellac  sandpapered  to  a  smooth  surface,  followed  by 
two  or  three  coats  of  Berry  Brothers'  (White  or  Light) 
Hard  Oil  .Finish  ;  rub  first  coats  with  hair  cloth  or 
curled  hair,  and  the  last  coat  with  pulverized  pumice 
stone  and  raw  linseed  .oil. 

FOR  A  DULL  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat  be 
rubbed  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and  water, 
instead  of  oil. 

FOR  A  POLISHED  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat 
be  rubbed  first  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and 


22 


water,  and  then  with  pulverized  rotten  stone  and 
water,  and  for  a  piano  finish  specify  a  further  rubbing 
with  Berry  Brothers'  Furniture  Polish,  used  with  a 
little  pulverized  rotten  stone,  applied  with  a  piece  of 
soft  felt  or  flannel. 

If  a  rubbed  finish  is  not  desired,  omit  the  specifi- 
cations for  rubbing  the  last  coat. 


NOTES. 

T^HE  above  specifications  provide  for  finishing  the 
wood  in  its  natural  color. 

Gum  Wood  can  also  be  stained  quite^uccessfully  and 
looks  very  handsome  when  properly  done.  Mahogany 
and  Cherry  are  the  most  popular  stains  for  this  wood. 
If  stained,  specify  Orange  Shellac,  and  precede  the 
Shellac  coat  with  a  coat  of  Berry  Brothers'  Oil  Stain, 
Mahogany,  Cherry,  or  otherwise,  as  may  be  preferred. 


REDWOOD. 

'T'His  is  a  close  grained  wood  and  needs  no  filling. 
SPECIFY  AS  FOLLOWS  : 

FOR  AN  EGG  SHELL  GLOSS  : — One  coat  of  Orange 
Shellac  sandpapered  to  a  smooth  surface,  followed  by 

23 


two  or  three  coats  of  Berry  Brothers'  (White  or  Light) 
Hard  Oil  Finish  ;  rub  first  coats  with  hair  cloth  or 
curled  hair,  and  the  last  coat  with  pulverized  pumice 
stone  and  raw  linseed  oil. 

FOR  A  DULL  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat  be 
rubbed  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and  water, 
instead  of  oil. 

FOR  A  POLISHED  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat 
be  rubbed  first  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and 
water,  and  then  with  pulverized  rotten  stone  and 
water,  and  for  a  piano  finish  specify  a  further  rubbing 
with  Berry  Brothers'  Furniture  Polish,  used  with  a 
little  pulverized  rotten  stone,  applied  with  a  piece  of 
soft  felt  or  flannel. 

If  a  rubbed  finish  is  not  desired,  omit  the  specifi- 
cations for  rubbing  the  last  coat. 


NOTES. 

T^HE  above  specifications  provide  for  finishing  the 
*    wood  in  the  natural  color. 

If  staining  is  required,  precede  the  Shellac  coat 
with  a  coat  of  Berry  .Brothers'  Oil  Stain,  Mahogany, 
Cherry,  or  otherwise,  as  may  be  wished. 

If  it  is  desired  to  finish  up  the  wood  as  light  as 
possible,  specify  White  Shellac  instead  of  Orange  Shel- 
lac and  omit  staining. 

24 


CYPRESS. 

T"HIS  is  a  close  grained  wood  and  needs  no  filling. 
SPECIFY  AS  FOLLOWS  : 

FOR  AN  EGG  SHELL  GLOSS  : — One  coat  of  White  Shellac 
sandpapered  to  a  smooth  surface,  followed  by  two  or 
three  coats  of  Berry  Brothers'  (White  or  Light)  Hard 
Oil  Finish  ;  rub  first  coats  with  hair  cloth  or  curled 
hair,  and  the  last  coat  with  pulverized  pumice  stone 
and  raw  linseed  oil. 

FOR  A  DULL  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat  be 
rubbed  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and  water, 
instead  of  oil. 

FOR  A  POLISHED  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat 
be  rubbed  first  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and 
water,  and  then  with  pulverized  rotten  stone  and 
water,  and  for  a  piano  finish  specify  a  further  rubbing 
with  Berry  Brothers'  Furniture  Polish,  used  with  a 
little  pulverized  rotten  stone,  applied  with  a  piece  of 
soft  felt  or  flannel. 

If  a  rubbed  finish  is  not  desired,  omit  the  specifi- 
cations for  rubbing  the  last  coat. 


NOTES. 

F  a  little  deeper  tone  than  the  natural  color  of  the 
wood  is  desired,  specify  Orange  Shellac  insteaft  of 

25 


White  Shellac.  Very  rich  effects  can  also  be  pro- 
duced on  Cypress  by  staining,  individual  taste  govern- 
ing the  choice  as  to  color. 

There  is  a  quality  inherent  in  Cypress  not  met  with 
in  other  woods,  consisting  of  a  peculiar  greasy  appear- 
ance on  the  surface.  It  is  overcome  in  various  ways 
by  wood  finishers,  but  we  have  found  a  second  coat 
of  Shellac  following  the  first,  quite  effective. 

If  the  wood  is  to  be  stained,  specify  Orange  Shellac, 
and  precede  the  Shellac  Coat  with  a  coat  of  Berry 
Brothers'  Oil  Stain,  Cherry,  Mahogany,  or  otherwise, 
as  may  be  desired. 


PINE. 

THIS  being  a  close  grained  wood  needs  no  filling. 
SPECIFY  AS   FOLLOWS  : 

FOR  AN  EGG  SHELL  GLOSS  : — One  coat  of  Shellac 
(White  Shellac  if  the  natural  color  of  the  wood  is  to 
be  preserved,  or  Orange  Shellac  if  the  wood  is  to  be 
stained,  or  is  desired  to  be  darker  in  tone  than  the 
natural  color,)  sandpaper  to  a  smooth  surface,  and 
follow  with  two  or  three  coats  of  Berry  Brothers' 
(White  or  Light)  Hard  Oil  Finish  ;  (specify  White 
Hard  Oil  Finish  if  it  is  desired  to  retain  the  natural 
color  of  White  Pine  ;)  rub  first  coats  with  hair  cloth 
or  curled  hair,  and  the  last  coat  with  pulverized  pum- 
ice stone  and  raw  linseed  oil. 

26 


FOR  A  DULL  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat  be 
rubbed  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and  water, 
instead  of  oil. 

FOR  A  POLISHED  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat 
be  rubbed  first  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and 
water,  and  then  with  pulverized  rotten  stone  and 
water,  and  for  a  piano  finish  specify  a  further  rubbing 
with  Berry  Brothers'  Furniture  Polish,  used  with  a 
little  pulverized  rotten  stone,  applied  with  a  piece  of 
soft  felt  or  flannel. 

If  a  rubbed  finish  is  not  desired,  omit  the  specifi- 
cations for  rubbing  the  last  coat. 


NOTES. 

HTHE  first  coat  of  Shellac  should  never  be  omitted  on 
Pine,  as  it  serves  to  kill  the  sap  or  pitch,  which 
might  otherwise,  in  the  course  of  time,  ooze  out  and 
mar  the  finish. 

If  it  is  desired  to  retain  the  clear,  bright  color  of 
Pine,  never  apply  a  first  coat  of  linseed  oil,  as  this  will 
in  time  cause  the  wood  to  turn  dark  and  present  an 
unsightly  appearance. 

If  the  wood  is  to  be  stained,  specify  Orange  Shellac 
and  precede  the  Shellac  coat  with  a  coat  of  Berry 
Brothers'  Oil  Stain  of  the  required  shade. 


it  may  be  here  remarked  that  Georgia  or  Southern 
Pine  is  much  more  susceptible  of  rich  and  beautiful 
effects  by  staining  than  is  White  Pine. 


WH1TEWOOD  OR  POPLAR,  HEMLOCK. 

DOTH  of  these  woods  are  close  grained  and  need 
no  filling. 

SPECIFY  AS  FOLLOWS  : 

FOR  AN  EGG  SHELL  GLOSS  : — One  coat  of  White  Shellac 
sandpapered  to  a  smcoth  surface,  followed  by  two 
or  three  coats  of  Berry  Brothers'  (White  or  Light) 
Hard  Oil  Finish  ;  rub  fust  coats  with  hair  cloth  or 
curled  hair,  and  the  last  coat  with  pulverized  pumice 
stone  and  raw  linseed  oil. 

FOR  A  DULL  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat  be 
rubbed  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and  water 
instead  of  oil. 

FOR  A  POLISHED  FINISH  : — Specify  that  the  last  coat 
be  rubbed  first  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  and 
water,  and  then  with  pulverized  rotten  stone  and 
water,  and  for  a  piano  finish  specify  a  further  rubbing 

28 


with  Berry  Brothers'  Furniture  Polish,  used  with  a 
little  pulverized  rotten  stone,  applied  with  a  piece  of 
soft  felt  or  flannel. 

If  a  rubbed  finish  is  not  desired,  omit  the  specifi- 
cations for  rubbing  the  last  coat. 


NOTES. 

'HESE  specifications  are  for  finishing  the  above 
woods  in  the  natural  color.  If  a  deeper  tone  is 
desired  specify  Orange  Shellac  instead  of  White 
Shellac. 

These  woods  are  sometimes  stained,  individual 
taste  dictating  the  shade  or  color. 

When  staining  is  desired,  specify  Orange  Shellac, 
and  precede  the  Shellac  coat  with  a  coat  of  Berry 
Brothers'  Oil  Stain  of  the  required  shade. 


FLOOR  FINISHING. 

>R  coarse  or  open  grained  woods, 

SPECIFY  AS  FOLLOWS  : 

Fill  with  a  good  paste  filler  to  match  the  color  of 
the  wood,  wipe  off  clean,  and  apply  two  coats  of  Berry 
Brothers'  Liquid  Granite  A,  taking  care  that  the  first 

29 


coat  is  thoroughly  hard  before  applying  the  second  ; 
rub  the  second  coat  down  with  pulverized  pumice 
stone  and  raw  linseed  oil,  and  then  wipe  the  floor 
perfectly  dry  and  clean,  so  that  no  trace  of  oil 
remains  to  catch  the  dirt. 

For  close  grained  woods  specify  as  above,  but  omit 
the  filler. 


OUTSIDE  DOORS,  STORE  FRONTS,  ETC. 

COR  work  of  this  character,  if  the  finish  is  to  be  in 
natural  woods, 
SPECIFY  AS  FOLLOWS  : 

One  coat  of  paste  filler  to  match  the  color  of  the 
wood,  followed  by  three  or  four  coats  of  Berry  Brothers' 
Elastic  Outside  Finish.  Allow  each  coat  to  get  thor- 
oughly hard  before  applying  another,  and  rub  each 
coat,  except  the  last,  with  hair  cloth  or  curled  hair. 
The  last  coat  to  be  flowed  on  and  left  unrubbed. 


NOTES. 

coarse  or  open  grained  woods  need  filling. 
Elastic  Outside  Finish  dries  naturally  to  a  bright 
gloss,  and  the  above  specification  provides  for  an  un- 

30 


rubbed  or  varnish  finish,  and,  although  this  is  very 
handsome,  polishing  or  rubbing  down  improves  the 
appearance  and  adds  to  the  durability  of  the  finish. 

If  a  rubbed  or  polished  surface  is  desired,  rub  the 
last  coat  with  pulverized  pumice  stone,  or  pulverized 
rotten  stone  and  oil  or  water,  in  the  same  manner  as 
specified  for  Hard  Oil  Finish. 

On  new  painted  or  grained  work  specify  as  above, 
and  also  add  that  all  under  coats  must  be  thoroughly 
hard  before  applying  the  finish. 

For  old  work  the  specifications  should  read  the 
same  as  for  new  painted  or  grained  work,  but  specify 
in  addition  that  before  finishing,  the  work  be  well 
sandpapered  and  cleaned. 

It  is  of  the  utmost  importance  that  each  and  every 
coat  is  thoroughly  hard  before  applying  another,  as 
otherwise  the  finish  is  liable  to  crack. 


WINDOW  SASH   AND  SILLS,   BATH 
ROOMS,  INSIDE  BLINDS,  ETC. 

*~FHE  wood  should  be  shellaced,  or  filled,  either,  or 

both,  according  to  the  wood  to  be  finished,  in 

the  same  manner  as  heretofore   described,  and  then 

receive  two  or  three  coats  of  Berry  Brothers'  Elastic 

31 


Interior  Finish,  applied  and  manipulated  in  the  same 
manner  as  our  Hard  Oil  Finish. 

Refer  to  index  for  the  wood  to  be  finished,  and 
word  specifications  in  the  manner  directed,  only  sub- 
stituting "Berry  Brothers'  Elastic  Interior  Finish"  for 
"Hard  Oil  Finish." 


REMARKS. 

TT  will  be  noticed  that  in  the  directions  for  using 
*  our  Ha  d  Oil  Finish,  we  invariably  say,  "White" 
or  "Light"  Hard  Oil  Finish.  It  is  only  absolutely 
necessary  to  use  the  "White"  Hard  Oil  Finish, 
(which  is  almost  colorless),  when  very  light  woods 
are  to  be  finished  in  the  natural  color  ;  in  all  other 
cases  the  "Light"  may  be  used. 

Whenever  expense  however  is  a  secondary  con- 
sideration, we  always  recommend  the  use  of  the 
White  Hard  Oil  Finish  on  any  wood  as  it  is  extra 
nice,  and  well  repays  the  small  additional  cost  per 
gallon. 

If  desired,  the  "Walnut"  Hard  Oil  Finish  can  be 
used  over  dark  or  stained  woods,  although  the  only 
reason  for  using  it  in  such  cases  is  the  lesser  cost  of 

32 


same.  Walnut  Hard  Oil  Finish  can  also  be  used  over 
light  colored  woods  when  they  are  required  to  be 
darkened  some,  and  staining  is  objected  to. 

It  is  the  inevitable  tendency  of  all  woods  to  grow 
darker  with  age,  but  where  it  is  desired  to  preserve 
the  natural  color  of  the  wood  as  long  as  possible,  it 
can  be  .done  by  preceding  the  filling  with  a  light  coat 
of  White  Shellac.  The  reason  for  this  is  that  oil  or  oil 
varnish  applied  directly  to  wood  causes  it  to  turn  dark, 
but  by  applying  a  light  coat  of  Shellac  before  the  filler, 
the  oil  in  the  filler  cannot  penetrate  the  pores  of  the 
wood,  which  consequently  retains  its  natural  color 
longer  than  it  otherwise  would. 

In  cases  where  the  wood  is  filled,  the  shellac  coat 
may  be  omitted  if  desired,  but  no  great  economy  is 
effected  thereby  as  at  least  an  additional  coat  of  Hard 
Oil  Finish  (or  other  Finish)  would  be  necessary  to 
make  up  for  such  omission. 

We  make  Stains  in  the  following  colors :  Mahogany, 
Cherry,  Light  and  Dark  Oak,  Rosewood,  Walnut  and 
Ebony,  and  can  furnish  them  either  in  Oil,  Spirit  or 
Water. 

Oil  Stains  possess  many  advantages  over  Water  or 
Spirit  Stains,  and  it  will  be  noticed  in  the  foregoing 
specifications  that  we  mention  Oil  Stains  exclusively. 
Our  Water  or  Spirit  Stains  can,  however,  be  substi- 
tuted when  desired. 


Although  we  specify  the  use  of  raw  linseed  oil  for 
rubbing  with  pulverized  pumice  stone  or  rotten  stone, 
many  finishers  prefer  the  rubbing  oil  commonly  used 
by  furniture  finishers,  which  answers  the  purpose 
equally  as  well. 

We  invite  inquiries  from  any  who  may  desire 
information  on  wood  finishing,  and  as  Varnish  Manu- 
facturers of  between  forty  and  fifty  years  experience, 
we  may  without  affectation  claim  to  be  competent 
authority  on  the  subject. 

We  keep  on  hand  finished  specimens  of  the  various 
woods  used  for  interior  finishing  purposes,  which  we 
will  mail,  post  paid,  to  any  address,  or  we  will  finish 
up  any  samples  of  wood  that  may  be  sent  us  for  the 
purpose,  returning  same  with  explicit  instructions  as 
to  the  mode  of  finishing. 

BERRY  BROTHERS,  LIMITED, 
VARNISH  MANUFACTURERS, 

ALSO  ORIGINATORS  AND 

SOLE  MANUFACTURERS  OF  GENUINE 

HARD  OIL  FINISH, 

LIQUID  GRANITE  AND  SHINGLETINT. 

DETROIT. 


34 


BERRY  BROTHERS, 


loimited. 


NEW  YORK, 

252  AND  254   PEARL  STREET. 

BOSTON, 

520  ATLANTIC  AVENUE. 

PHILADELPHIA, 

26  AND  28  NORTH  FOURTH  STREET. 

BALTIMORE, 

22  EAST  LOMBARD  STREET. 

CHICAGO, 

15  AND  17  LAKE  STREET. 

CINCINNATI, 

304  MAIN  STREET. 

ST.  LOUIS, 

112  SOUTH  FOURTH  STREET. 

SAN  FRANCISCO, 

12  FRONT  STREET. 


FACTORY- 

DBTROIT. 


YD  24313 


triir 

502! H. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


